Section 45: Application of Chapter 4
Constitution of Zimbabwe
(1) This Chapter binds the State and all executive, legislative and judicial institutions and agencies of government at every level.
(2) This Chapter binds natural and juristic persons to the extent that it is applicable to them, taking into account the nature of the right or freedom concerned and any duty imposed by it.
(3) Juristic persons as well as natural persons are entitled to the rights and freedoms set out in this Chapter to the extent that those rights and freedoms can appropriately be extended to them.
Insight: This section establishes the universal application of constitutional rights in Zimbabwe. It ensures that rights apply not just to government bodies but also to private entities and individuals where appropriate. Notably, it extends constitutional protections to both natural persons (individuals) and juristic persons (organizations, companies), creating a comprehensive rights framework that operates vertically (citizen-state) and horizontally (between private parties).