Section 305: Appropriations from Consolidated Revenue Fund
Constitution of Zimbabwe
(1) Every year the Minister responsible for finance must present to the National Assembly a statement of the estimated revenues and expenditures of the Government in the next financial year.
(2) The estimates of revenue and expenditure must be presented to the National Assembly in terms of subsection (1) on a day on which the Assembly sits before or not later than thirty days after the start of each financial year, but if Parliament is dissolved and it is impossible to lay estimates before the Assembly by that time, then they must be laid before the Assembly within thirty days after the Assembly first meets following the dissolution.
(3) Separate estimates of revenue and expenditure must be given for each of the following—
(a) each Commission established by this Constitution;
(b) the office of the Auditor-General;
(c) the National Prosecuting Authority;
(d) the Council of Chiefs; and
(e) any other institution prescribed in an Act of Parliament.
(4) When the National Assembly has approved the estimates of expenditure for a financial year, other than expenditure that is specifically charged on the Consolidated Revenue Fund by this Constitution or an Act of Parliament, the Minister responsible for finance must cause a Bill to be known as an Appropriation Bill to be introduced into the National Assembly, and that Bill must—
(a) provide for money to be issued from the Consolidated Revenue Fund to meet the
approved expenditure; and
(b) appropriate the money to the purposes specified in the estimates, under separate votes
for the different heads of expenditure that have been approved.
(5) If the money appropriated to a purpose under an Appropriation Act is insufficient or if expenditure is needed for a purpose for which no money has been appropriated, the Minister responsible for finance must cause an additional or supplementary estimate to be presented to the National Assembly, and if the National Assembly approves the estimate the Minister must cause an additional or supplementary appropriation Bill to be introduced into the Assembly providing for the necessary money to be issued from the Consolidated Revenue Fund.
Insight on Appropriations from Consolidated Revenue Fund
This section establishes financial accountability in Zimbabwe's governance by requiring the Finance Minister to present annual budget estimates to Parliament. The key insight is that it creates a structured process for public funds management with checks and balances - Parliament must approve all expenditures before money can be withdrawn from the national treasury. The requirement for separate estimates for independent commissions and institutions helps protect their autonomy from executive interference. The provisions for supplementary appropriations demonstrate flexibility while maintaining legislative oversight, ensuring no government spending occurs without parliamentary approval.