Section 120: Composition of Senate
Constitution of Zimbabwe
(1) The Senate consists of eighty Senators, of whom—
(a) six are elected from each of the provinces into which Zimbabwe is divided, by a
system of proportional representation conforming with subsection (2);
(b) sixteen are Chiefs, of whom two are elected by the provincial assembly of Chiefs from
each of the provinces, other than the metropolitan provinces, into which Zimbabwe is
divided;
(c) the President and Deputy President of the National Council of Chiefs; and
(d) two are elected in the manner prescribed in the Electoral Law to represent persons with
disabilities.
(2) Elections of Senators must be conducted in accordance with the Electoral Law, which must ensure that the Senators referred to in subsection (1) (a) are elected under a party-list system of proportional representation—
(a) which is based on the votes cast for candidates representing political parties in each of
the provinces in the general election for Members of the National Assembly; and
(b) in which male and female candidates are listed alternately, every list being headed by a
female candidate.
Key Insight: Senate Structure and Representation
This section establishes Zimbabwe's Senate as a body designed to ensure diverse representation through multiple channels:
- The 80-member Senate combines provincial representation (48 members), traditional leadership (18 Chiefs), and representation for persons with disabilities (2 members)
- The proportional representation system ensures political parties receive seats according to their electoral support
- The constitution mandates gender balance through the alternating male-female candidate list system, with women heading all lists
This structure aims to balance regional interests, traditional governance, and promote gender equality in Zimbabwe's legislative branch.