Section 211: Defence Forces
Constitution of Zimbabwe
(1) The Defence Forces of Zimbabwe consist of an Army, an Air Force and any other services that may be established under an Act of Parliament.
(2) The Defence Forces are the only lawful military forces in Zimbabwe.
(3) The Defence Forces must respect the fundamental rights and freedoms of all persons and be non-partisan, national in character, patriotic, professional and subordinate to the civilian authority as established by this Constitution.
(4) The Defence Forces must be maintained as disciplined military forces.
(5) An Act of Parliament must provide for the organisation, structure, management, regulation, discipline and promotion and demotion of officers and other members and, subject to section 218, the conditions of service of members of the Defence Forces.
Insight: Defence Forces of Zimbabwe
This section establishes a clear civilian control over the military, which is crucial for democratic governance. By specifying that the Defence Forces must be "non-partisan" and "subordinate to civilian authority," the constitution creates safeguards against military coups or interference in politics - issues that have affected many African nations. The requirement for the forces to "respect fundamental rights and freedoms" also establishes constitutional limitations on military power, ensuring they serve as protectors rather than violators of citizens' rights.